Introduction  In response to the inability of existing communication conditions to meet the intelligent O&M and ecological monitoring needs of offshore wind farm, this article explores and proposes a 5G customized network scheme to solve the problems of poor signal accessibility, incomplete network coverage, and low smoothness in offshore wind farms.

  Method  In this paper, a comprehensive O&M and monitoring scheme was proposed by using 5G customized network technology, which was as follows: through the deployment of 5G macro base stations outdoors, 5G indoor distribution in towers, and underwater laying of optical networks, the 3D coverage of wind farm communication networks was realized; Based on 5G slicing technology, one network could be used for multiple purposes to meet the needs of offshore wind farms for network differentiation; computing nodes were deployed in the centralized control center computer room, and private network data was forwarded through the edge UPF (user plane function) to achieve computing-network integration.

  Result  The intelligent management and ecological environment monitoring scheme for offshore wind farms based on 5G technology proposed in this article has been piloted and tested based on the project. The test results show that the maximum effective coverage radius of 5G base stations reaches 11.3 km, and the stable transmission uplink rate reaches 5 Mbps, meeting the needs of observation data return and unmanned ship video return in the sea area. By deploying two 2.1G 8TR enhanced base stations on the booster station and wind turbine to enhance sea area coverage, the pull-net test around the wind farm verified that the 5G private network can effectively cover wind farms, with a coverage rate of 98.4%, which can basically meet the coverage needs of the entire wind farm.

  Conclusion  This scheme utilizes a 5G private network to cover the sea area of the wind farm and achieves underwater communication through STN (Smart Transport Network) and underwater optical networks. Consequently, it innovatively constructs a 3D ocean monitoring and communication network, laying the communication foundation for the intelligent management and ecological environment monitoring of offshore wind farms.