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摘要:目的
随着“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的提出，低碳环保理念被推向了一个崭新的高度。园区作为能源终端，成为低碳减排的重要载体。
方法针对含电-气-热耦合的园区综合能源系统运行经济性及弃风弃光问题，提出一种基于电转气（P2G）的园区综合能源优化运行方法。引入电解槽、甲烷反应器、氢燃料电池替换传统的P2G，为新能源消纳提供了有效的方法。
结果为进一步降低园区二氧化碳的排放，引入基于碳超额率的阶梯式碳交易机制。以园区的日运行成本作为优化目标，建立优化调度模型，设定满足园区综合能源系统的供需平衡及设备的运行约束条件。结果显示：系统运行成本降低了12.4%，系统的碳排放量降低了16.2%，风电与光伏的利用率分别提高了29.3%和25.7%。
结论运用CPLEX商业求解器进行求解，通过设置多个运行情景，对比验证了所提策略有效提升了园区综合能源系统的经济性和低碳性，为园区实现碳减排目标提供了有力支持。
Abstract:ObjectiveWith the proposal of "carbon peak, carbon neutrality" goal, the concept of low-carbon environmental protection has been raised to a new height. As energy terminals, the parks have become an important carrier of low-carbon emission reduction.
MethodAiming at the operation economy of the integrated energy system in the parks with electricity-gas-heat coupling and the problem of wind and light curtailment, an optimization operation method for the integrated energy systems in parks based on electricity-to-gas （P2G） conversion was proposed. The electrolysis tanks, methane reactors and hydrogen fuel cells were introduced to replace the traditional P2G, providing an effective method for new energy consumption.
ResultIn order to further reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in the parks, a stepped carbon trading mechanism based on the carbon excess rate was introduced. Taking the daily operating cost of the parks as the optimization target, an optimal scheduling model was established to set constraints to satisfy the supply/demand balance of the integrated energy system and the operation of the equipment in the parks. The results show a 12.4% reduction in system operating costs, a 16.2% reduction in system carbon emissions, and a 29.3% and 25.7% increase in wind and photovoltaic utilization, respectively.
ConclusionThe CPLEX business solver is used as a solution, and the proposed strategy is compared and verified to effectively improve the economy and low carbon of the integrated energy system in the parks by setting up multiple operation scenarios, which provides a strong support for the parks to achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction.
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图 1 基于P2G的园区综合能源系统拓扑结构图
Figure 1. Topology structure diagram of integrated energy system in parks based on P2G
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图 2 碳交易价格和碳超额率关系
Figure 2. Relationship between carbon trading price and carbon excess rate
表 1 园区购电分时电价
Table 1 Time-of-use electricity price in parks
时段 购电价格/[元·(kWh)−1] 17:00－19:00 1.30 19:00－21:00，07:30－11:30 1.04 05:00－7:30，11:30－17:00，21:00－22:00 0.71 22:00－次日05:00 0.37 
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表 2 不同方案设置情况
Table 2 Settings of different schemes
方案设置 考虑电、
热能耦合模型电/热储能 氢气
甲烷化氢气甲烷化/
氢氧燃料电池方案一 √ √ × × 方案二 √ √ √ × 方案三 √ √ × √
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表 3 不同场景下的系统运行成本
Table 3 System operating costs in different scenarios
参数 方案一 方案二 方案三 总运行成本/元 12 508 10 962 10 739 购电成本/元 2 235 1 214 1 186 购气成本/元 9 921 9 608 9 535 弃风成本/元 324 131 16 弃光成本/元 28 9 2 碳排放量/kg 8 151 8 359 7 002
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表 4 考虑碳交易机制前后运行对比
Table 4 Operation comparison before and after considering the carbon trading mechanism
参数 方案四 方案五 总运行成本/元 11 299 11 558 购电成本/元 1 917 1 858 购气成本/元 7 162 7 249 弃风成本/元 12 8 弃光成本/元 0 0 碳交易成本/元 2 208 2 443 二氧化碳排放量/kg 5 990 5 395
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