Introduction  As a new type of energy storage means, shaft-type gravity energy storage technology has unique advantages of low environmental pollution, low construction cost and high efficiency, and has a wide application prospect, but the research on the power generation characteristics and influencing factors of the system itself is still imperfect. The power generation efficiency of the shaft-type gravity energy storage system is one of the important indicators of the energy storage system.

  Method  In this paper, through the mathematical modeling of the efficiency model of the shaft-type gravity energy storage system, the influencing factors of efficiency in case of three different heavy block fall curves were studied, and the influence trend of these factors on the power generation efficiency of the system was explored through simulation experiments, and then the efficiency characteristics of the three velocity curves were compared and analyzed.

  Result  The results show that the falling speed has a significant effect on the efficiency of the system, and the power generation efficiency can be improved by reducing the speed appropriately. The height of the shaft and the mass of the heavy block have little effect on the efficiency of power generation. For the three velocity curves, the power generation efficiency of trapezoidal and triangular velocity curves was less affected by other factors, while the parabolic velocity curve was more sensitive to the influence of other factors, and the power generation efficiency was relatively smaller, and the trapezoidal velocity curve has the highest system efficiency under the same conditions. Under the premise of heavy blocks with large weights, the power generation efficiency of the three velocity curves was less affected by other factors.

  Conclusion  Therefore, using heavy blocks with large weights, reducing the maximum falling speed of heavy blocks, and adopting the trapezoidal velocity curve can significantly improve the power generation efficiency to achieve better system performance.