锤击过程导致的海上风电大直径单桩结构疲劳损伤特性

陈涛; 丁瑞霖; 郭伟; 佘俊辉; 李卫超

doi:10.16516/j.ceec.2024-362

锤击过程导致的海上风电大直径单桩结构疲劳损伤特性

陈涛^{1, 2,},
丁瑞霖^{1, 2,},
郭伟^3,,
佘俊辉^{1, 2,},
李卫超^2, ,

1.
同济大学工程结构性能演化与控制教育部重点实验室, 上海 200092
2.
同济大学土木工程学院, 上海 200092
3.
上海港湾工程质量检测有限公司, 上海 200940

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目“长期不规则往复水平荷载对桩土刚度退变的影响机制”（41972275）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈涛，BRID: 09653.00.51835，1980-，男，教授，土木工程专业博士，主要从事海洋工程结构性能研究工作（e-mail）t.chen@tongji.edu.cn

丁瑞霖，1998-，男，土木工程专业博士，主要从事海洋工程基础研究工作（e-mail）riley1998@tongji.edu.cn

郭伟，1983-，男，正高级工程师，岩土工程专业硕士，主要从事桩基检测、结构监测等技术工作与研究（e-mail）gw200808@hotmail.com

佘俊辉，1998-，男，土木工程专业硕士，主要从事海上风电技术研究工作（e-mail）simon_she@qq.com

李卫超，1983-，男，副教授，博士生导师，海洋岩土工程专业博士，主要从事海洋桩筒基础方面的教学与研究工作（e-mail）WeichaoLi@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李卫超，（e-mail）WeichaoLi@tongji.edu.cn。

中图分类号: TK89；TU473
计量
- 文章访问数: 0183
- HTML全文浏览量: 0119
- PDF下载量: 020
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-22
- 修回日期: 2024-12-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-23
- 刊出日期: 2025-01-29

Fatigue Damage Characteristics of Offshore Wind Power Large-Diameter Monopile Structures During Driving ProcessEn

CHEN Tao^{1, 2,},
DING Ruilin^{1, 2,},
GUO Wei^3,,
SHE Junhui^{1, 2,},
LI Weichao^2, ,

1.
Key Laboratory of Performance Evolution and Control for Engineering Structures of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2.
College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
3.
Shanghai Port Engineering Quality Inspection Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200940, China

摘要

摘要:
目的大直径单桩基础在我国海洋工程中应用广泛，其通常由锤击贯入的方式完成基础的安装。由于桩锤的锤击作用，桩体在沉桩过程中受到连续的冲击荷载，易出现疲劳问题。因此对大直径单桩基础的贯入过程及所致疲劳损伤的研究就显得尤为重要。
方法文章以大直径单桩基础为研究对象，基于工程现场测试数据，为解决单桩连续贯入计算量过大的问题，提出分段预置建模方法，实现了对单桩锤击贯入过程的分段计算，验证了该方法计算单桩锤击过程中桩身的力学响应的可行性，得到了单桩桩身测试断面在单次锤击作用下的位移、速度和应力的时程响应。基于S-N曲线和Palmgren-Miner理论计算了桩身变截面焊接位置处的疲劳损伤。
结果研究结果表明，所提出的分段预置建模方法能够较好地反映锤击作用下桩身的力学响应，与现场实测数据相比，位移、速度、应力变化趋势均吻合较好。模拟所得的应力最大值与实测值之间误差均在10%以内。
结论单桩目标截面单次锤击损伤与所受有效锤击能的大小直接相关。单桩经历1017次锤击作用后桩身变截面焊接位置处的疲劳损伤为7.578%，占构件设计安全前提下疲劳寿命的22.734%。因此，应重视单桩锤击贯入过程中由于锤击作用所导致的桩身疲劳损伤。
- 大直径钢管桩 /
- 贯入过程 /
- 分段预置法 /
- 疲劳分析 /
- S-N曲线
Abstract:
Objective Large-diameter monopile foundations are widely used in marine engineering in China and are typically installed through penetration. Due to the impact of the pile hammer, the pile body experiences continuous impact loads during the driving process, making it susceptible to fatigue issues. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the penetration process and fatigue damage of large-diameter monopile.
Method This paper focused on the large-diameter monopile foundations. Based on the engineering field test data, a segmented pre-setting modeling method was proposed to address the issue of excessive computational workload in continuous pile penetration, allowing for segmented calculations of the monopile driving process. The feasibility of this method in calculating the mechanical response of the pile body during driving was verified. Time-history responses of displacement, velocity and stress at target points on the monopile under a single driving action were obtained. Fatigue damage at the welded position of the monopile varying cross-sections was calculated using the S-N curve and Palmgren-Miner theory.
Result The results show that the proposed segmented pre-setting modeling method effectively reflects the mechanical response of the pile body under driving action. The trends of displacement, velocity and stress are in good agreement with the measured data. The error between the simulated maximum stress value and the measured value is within 10%.
Conclusion The damage to the target cross-section of the monopile caused by a single driving action is directly related to the effective driving energy received. After 1017 hammer strikes, the fatigue damage at the welding position of the monopile varying cross-sections is 7.578%, accounting for 22.734% of the fatigue life under the designed safety premise. Therefore, attention should be paid to the fatigue damage of the pile body caused by the driving during the penetration process.
- large-diameter monopile /
- penetration process /
- segmented pre-setting method /
- fatigue analysis /
- S-N curve

HTML全文

图 1 大直径单桩基础^[12]

Figure 1. Large-diameter monopile foundation ^[12]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 单桩简化几何尺寸

Figure 2. Simplified geometric dimensions of monopile

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 高应变测试数据

Figure 3. High-strain test data

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 弹性单桩分段预置法示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of segmented pre-setting method for elastic monopile

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 模型初始应力分布（工况12）

Figure 5. Initial stress distribution of the model (working condition 12)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 数值模拟与测试断面力学响应对比（工况8）

Figure 6. Comparison of numerical simulation and mechanical response at the test cross-section (working condition 8)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 数值模拟与测试断面力学响应对比（工况9）

Figure 7. Comparison of numerical simulation and mechanical response at the test cross-section (working condition 9)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 数值模拟与测试断面力学响应对比（工况10）

Figure 8. Comparison of numerical simulation and mechanical response at the test cross-section (working condition 10)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 数值模拟与测试断面力学响应对比（工况11）

Figure 9. Comparison of numerical simulation and mechanical response at the test cross-section (working condition 11)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 数值模拟与测试断面力学响应对比（工况12）

Figure 10. Comparison of numerical simulation and mechanical response at the test cross-section (working condition 12)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 桩身力学响应模拟结果

Figure 11. Simulated results of the mechanical response of the pile body

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 桩身竖向应力变化情况

Figure 12. Variation of vertical stress on the pile body

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 单桩锤击疲劳计算流程图

Figure 13. Flow chart of single pile hammer fatigue calculation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 空气环境条件下的S-N曲线^[31]

Figure 14. S-N curve under air environment conditions^[31]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 各工况下单桩目标截面应力循环次数直方图

Figure 15. Histogram of the number of stress cycles at the target cross-section of the monopile under different working conditions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 单次锤击单桩目标截面疲劳损伤

Figure 16. Fatigue damage of target cross-section of monopile under a single driving action

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 单桩目标机位土层参数

Table 1 Soil layer parameters of monopile target position

岩土名称	层底深度/m	天然重度 γ/(kN·m⁻³)	压缩模量 E_s/MPa	泊松比 μ	粘聚力 C/kPa
淤泥	5.1	16.25	2.25	0.487	9.00
淤泥质土	18.2	18.00	2.50	0.487	18.50
粉细砂	21.0	20.00	7.00	0.470	－
淤泥质土	28.3	18.00	3.00	0.487	21.00
中细砂	33.6	20.50	10.00	0.470	－
粉质黏土	34.7	20.00	5.25	0.487	37.00
全风化花岗岩	39.0	19.50	7.00	0.270	－
散体状强风化花岗岩	105.0	19.50	7.00	0.270	－

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 单桩桩身弹性参数

Table 2 Elastic parameters of monopile body

参数	数值
材料属性	DH36
杨氏模量E/GPa	210
泊松比μ	0.3
密度ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	7850

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 锤击贯入典型工况

Table 3 Typical conditions of penetration process

工况	冲击力/N	有效锤击能/kJ	入土深度 D/m	实测最大应力/MPa	数值模拟最大应力/MPa	相对误差/%
1	80.57	280	35.55	－	－	－
2	89.35	348	36.05	－	－	－
3	101.32	452	36.30	－	－	－
4	116.92	609	36.80	－	－	－
5	132.05	783	38.80	－	－	－
6	138.97	870	40.55	－	－	－
7	151.86	1044	41.55	－	－	－
8	163.71	1218	42.55	87.47	92.20	5.41
9	169.32	1305	43.55	91.89	95.34	3.76
10	174.74	1392	44.55	97.25	98.38	1.16
11	185.10	1566	45.55	105.80	104.20	−1.52
12	185.10	1566	46.60	103.97	104.20	0.22
13	90.41	357	46.64	－	－	－

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 各工况单桩目标截面锤击疲劳损伤

Table 4 Fatigue damage of target cross-section of monopile under different working conditions

工况	有效锤击能/kJ	入土长度/m	单次锤击损伤/‰	锤击次数/bl	单工况锤击损伤/%
1	280	35.55	0.011	84	0.091
2	348	36.05	0.015	27	0.041
3	452	36.30	0.024	23	0.055
4	609	36.80	0.036	61	0.222
5	783	38.80	0.052	209	1.084
6	870	40.55	0.056	81	0.456
7	1044	41.55	0.074	85	0.631
8	1218	42.55	0.097	82	0.799
9	1305	43.55	0.105	84	0.884
10	1392	44.55	0.108	68	0.734
11	1566	45.55	0.123	73	0.901
12	1566	46.60	0.127	132	1.673
13	357	46.64	0.009	8	0.007
合计损伤：7.578%

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(31)

[1]	ZHOU X X. The development of power system and power system technology in China [C]// Anon. 1997 fourth international conference on advances in power system control, operation and management, Hong Kong, China, November 11-14, 1997. Hong Kong, China: IEEE, 1997: 14-17. DOI: 10.1049/cp:19971798.
[2]	ESTEBAN M, LEARY D. Current developments and future prospects of offshore wind and ocean energy [J]. Applied energy, 2012, 90(1): 128-136. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.011.
[3]	王洪庆, 孙伟, 刘东华, 等. 海上风电大直径单桩自沉与溜桩分析 [J]. 南方能源建设, 2023, 10(1): 64-71. DOI: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2023.01.008. WANG H Q, SUN W, LIU D H, et al. Statistical analysis of self-weight penetration and pile running for large diameter monopiles in offshore wind farm [J]. Southern energy construction, 2023, 10(1): 64-71. DOI: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2023.01.008.
[4]	校建东. 海上风电单桩基础地基加固技术研究 [J]. 南方能源建设, 2023, 10(4): 184-192. DOI: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2023.04.019. XIAO J D. Research on ground reinforcement technology of offshore wind power monopile foundation [J]. Southern energy construction, 2023, 10(4): 184-192. DOI: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2023.04.019.
[5]	TIMILSINA G R, VAN KOOTEN G C, NARBEL P A. Global wind power development: economics and policies [J]. Energy policy, 2013, 61: 642-652. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.062.
[6]	TABASSUM-ABBASI N, PREMALATHA M, ABBASI T, et al. Wind energy: increasing deployment, rising environmental concerns [J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2014, 31: 270-288. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.019.
[7]	PERVEEN R, KISHOR N, MOHANTY S R. Off-shore wind farm development: present status and challenges [J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2014, 29: 780-792. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.108.
[8]	JIANG Z Y. Installation of offshore wind turbines: a technical review [J]. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2021, 139: 110576. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110576.
[9]	王诗超, 刘嘉畅, 刘展志, 等. 海上风电产业现状及未来发展分析 [J]. 南方能源建设, 2023, 10(4): 103-112. DOI: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2023.04.010. WANG S C, LIU J C, LIU Z Z, et al. Analysis of current situation and future development of offshore wind power industry [J]. Southern energy construction, 2023, 10(4): 103-112. DOI: 10.16516/j.gedi.issn2095-8676.2023.04.010.
[10]	KALLEHAVE D, THILSTED C L, LIINGAARD M A. Modification of the API p-y formulation of initial stiffness of sand [C]// Anon. Offshore site investigation and geotechnics: integrated technologies: present and future, London, UK, September 12-14, 2012. London: SUT, 2012: SUT-OSIG-12-50.
[11]	BYRNE B W, BURD H J, ZDRAVKOVIĆ L, et al. PISA: new design methods for offshore wind turbine monopiles [J]. Revue franç aise de géotechnique, 2019(158): 3. DOI: 10.1051/geotech/2019009.
[12]	东方风力发电网. 莆田平海湾风电二期工程单桩成功制成 [EB/OL]. (2018-06-06) [2024-10-28]. http://www.eastwp.net/news/show.php?itemid=50752. EASTWP. NET. Putian Pinghai bay wind power phase II project monopile successfully fabricated [EB/OL]. (2018-06-06) [2024-10-28]. http://www.eastwp.net/news/show.php?itemid=50752.
[13]	LOTSBERG I, SIGURDSSON G, ARNESEN K, et al. Recommended design fatigue factors for reassessment of piles subjected to dynamic actions from driving [J]. Journal of offshore mechanics and arctic engineering, 2010, 132(4): 041603. DOI: 10.1115/1.4001418.
[14]	CHUNG J, WALLERAND R, HÉLIAS-BRAULT M. Pile fatigue assessment during driving [J]. Procedia engineering, 2013, 66: 451-463. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.12.098.
[15]	马骏, 孙肖菲, 孙立强, 等. 海上风电超大直径单桩可打性与沉桩疲劳损伤分析 [J]. 船海工程, 2022, 51(4): 105-109, 115. DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1671-7953.2022.04.022. MA J, SUN X F, SUN L Q, et al. Drivability and driving fatigue damage analysis of super large diameter mono-pile for offshore wind farm [J]. Ship & ocean engineering, 2022, 51(4): 105-109, 115. DOI: 10.3963/j.issn.1671-7953.2022.04.022.
[16]	SALAMA M M, ELLIS N, HANNA S Y, et al. Pile driving dynamic loads on offshore structures [C]// Anon. Proceedings of the offshore technology conference, Houston, USA, May 2-5, 1988. Houston: OnePetro, 1988: 207-214. DOI: 10.4043/5704-MS.
[17]	HUNT R J, CHAN J H C, DOYLE E H. Driving fatigue damage estimation for Ursa TLP 96" OD piles [C]// Anon. Proceedings of the ninth international offshore and polar engineering conference, Brest, France, May 30 - June 4, 1999. Brest: OnePetro, 1999: 684-692.
[18]	BUITRAGO J, WONG P C. Fatigue design of driven piles for deepwater applications [C]// Anon. The thirteenth international offshore and polar engineering conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, May 25-30, 2003. Honolulu: OnePetro, 2003.
[19]	MORIYASU S, KOBAYASHI S I, MATSUMOTO T. Experimental study on friction fatigue of vibratory driven piles by in situ model tests [J]. Soils and foundations, 2018, 58(4): 853-865. DOI: 10.1016/j.sandf.2018.03.010.
[20]	TAVASOLI O, GHAZAVI M. Driving behavior of stepped and tapered offshore piles due to hammer blows [J]. Marine georesources & geotechnology, 2020, 38(6): 633-646. DOI: 10.1080/1064119X.2019.1609631.
[21]	CHRISOPOULOS S, VOGELSANG J. A finite element benchmark study based on experimental modeling of vibratory pile driving in saturated sand [J]. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 2019, 122: 248-260. DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.01.001.
[22]	HAMANN T, QIU G, GRABE J. Application of a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach on pile installation problems under partially drained conditions [J]. Computers and geotechnics, 2015, 63: 279-290. DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.10.006.
[23]	BIENEN B, FAN S S, SCHRÖDER M, et al. Effect of the installation process on monopile lateral response [J]. Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers - geotechnical engineering, 2021, 174(5): 530-548. DOI: 10.1680/jgeen.20.00219.
[24]	CHEN F Q, LIU L Y, LAI F W, et al. Numerical analyses of energy balance and installation mechanisms of large-diameter tapered monopiles by impact driving [J]. Ocean engineering, 2022, 266: 113017. DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113017.
[25]	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 建筑基桩检测技术规范: JGJ 106—2014 [S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2014: 10. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China. Technical code for testing of building foundation piles: JGJ 106—2014 [S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2014: 10.
[26]	BISHOP A W, HIGHT D W. The value of Poisson's ratio in saturated soils and rocks stressed under undrained conditions [J]. Géotechnique, 1977, 27(3): 369-384. DOI: 10.1680/geot.1977.27.3.369.
[27]	曾朋. 花岗岩残积土的压实特性及崩解特性研究 [D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2012. ZENG P. A study on compaction characteristics and disintegration behavior of granite residual soil [D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2012.
[28]	刘攀. 全风化花岗岩试验及本构模型研究 [D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2016. LIU P. Experimental study and constitutive model of completely decomposed granite [D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2016.
[29]	XIAO Y J, CHEN F Q, DONG Y Z. Numerical investigation of soil plugging effect inside sleeve of cast-in-place piles driven by vibratory hammers in clays [J]. SpringerPlus, 2016, 5(1): 755. DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2423-y.
[30]	RANDOLPH M F, MAY M, LEONG E C, et al. Soil plug response in open-ended pipe piles [J]. Journal of geotechnical engineering, 1992, 118(5): 743-759. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1992)118:5(743).
[31]	Veritas D D N. Fatigue design of offshore steel structures: DNV-RP-C203 [S]. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2019.