Introduction  In order to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic brackets, the research and design focus is on a photovoltaic tracker based on Fourier fitting algorithm for apparent solar motion trajectory.

  Method  The tracking accuracy of traditional solar motion trajectory algorithms was analyzed using MATLAB. Furthermore and an 8-order Fourier fitting solar motion trajectory tracking algorithm with better accuracy was proposed. The real-time solar motion trajectory was obtained combined with GNSS positioning technology. The system design employed the STM32 microcontroller as the microprocessor and adopted 6-axis acceleration sensor. The real-time tilt of the photovoltaic tracking bracket was determined by the projection of the gravity vector on its axis. Based on this, a three-dimensional operation model of the tracking bracket was established. By analyzing the cosine effect of sunlight on the bracket, the action angle required for the motor to operate can be obtained. At the same time, to solve the problem of shadow shielding between photovoltaic modules at dawn and dusk, the system added an inverse tracking algorithm. Considering the application of large-scale units, a master-slave motor synchronous control strategy was proposed.

  Result  The Fourier fitting algorithm has higher tracking accuracy, reaching an accuracy of 10^-2 orders of magnitude, one order of magnitude higher than traditional algorithms. At the same time, reverse tracking technology can save 24.3% of the photovoltaic array land area, significantly improving land use efficiency.

  Conclusion  This study adopts a more accurate apparent solar motion trajectory tracking model, which effectively solves the cosine effect of solar radiation utilization, improves the power generation efficiency of power stations, realizes the construction of a safe and efficient green energy system, and promotes the promotion and achievement of China's goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.