Introduction  The distribution characteristics of mountain fires by using the historical disaster data of mountain fires related to transmission lines in Hubei province has been analyzed.

  Method  Based on the mountain fire disaster data of transmission lines in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2021, the methods of mathematical statistics, climate statistics and GIS spatial superposition were used to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of transmission line mountain fires in Hubei Province as well as the characteristics of the relationship between mountain fires and meteorological, underlying surface, and social humanities factors.

  Result  In terms of time, 2019 is the year in which mountain fires occurred most frequently on transmission lines in Hubei in recent years. Autumn and winter are peak seasons for mountain fires, with February and September being the months with a higher risk of occurrence. In terms of space, the eastern part of Hubei Province is the region with frequent mountain fires, while the Yichang and Jingmen regions are the second highest risk areas. The relationship between the mountain fire and the meteorology shows that the precipitation in the month before the occurrence of most mountain fires is 30% to 100% less than the normal level, the temperature is 0.5 ℃ to 3 ℃ higher than the normal level, the humidity is 3.8% to 23% lower than the normal level, and the wind speed is 0.1 to 1.9 m/s higher than the normal level. The relationship between mountain fire and underlying surface shows that mountain fire mainly occurs in cultivated land, accounting for 50.32% of the total. The mountain fires are mainly concentrated in the areas with an altitude below 150 meters and a slope below 6°, and 76.90% of the mountain fires occur on the sunny slope. The relationship between mountain fire and social humanities shows that mountain fire mainly occurs in the towns around the urban circle with a population density of 100~600 people/square kilometer, as well as the buffer zone about 1.6 kilometers away from the road.

  Conclusion  Mastering the distribution characteristics of mountain fires related to Hubei transmission lines can help select indicators and determine thresholds for mountain fire risk warning models.