Introduction  This study aims to develop an efficient and reliable pulse power supply system based on supercapacitors (SC) for toroidal field (TF) coils in nuclear fusion magnet power systems to address high power demands while improving energy storage efficiency and system stability.

  Method  A pioneering pulse power supply structure was devised employing Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) technology, leveraging the high power density and swift charging-discharging capabilities of SC as primary energy storage units. This design targeted the high-frequency pulse operation requirements of TF coils. Additionally, the benefits of integrating supercapacitors with MMC technology, including system flexibility and scalability, were explored.

  Result  The study demonstrates that the developed power supply system effectively meets the pulse operation requirements of nuclear fusion reactors, guaranteeing efficient energy delivery and conversion.

  Conclusion  The supercapacitor-based pulse power supply system offers an efficient energy solution for nuclear fusion devices, enhancing energy conversion efficiency, operational stability and device reliability. Subsequent research will focus on optimizing the power structure and performance for diverse applications.