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面向电-碳-氢-醇协同的海上综合能源岛规划

Planning for Offshore Integrated Energy Islands with Electricity-Carbon-Hydrogen-Methanol Synergy

  • 摘要:
    目的 近海风电资源逐渐饱和,深远海风电开发正迎来规模化发展的关键机遇。同时,未来国际航运业亟需低碳转型,对绿色甲醇燃料的现实需求大幅度提升,对此,文章提出了电-碳-氢-醇协同的海上综合能源岛设想。
    方法 首先,描绘了电-碳-氢-醇协同的海上综合能源岛形态,并梳理了该形态下的关键技术;其次,构建了电-碳-氢-醇协同的海上综合能源岛容量规划模型,以平准化单位甲醇制取成本最小化为目标,优化各单元的最优容量配置;最后,开展了针对风速、碳价和氧气价格的敏感性分析以及成本压力测试,明确了未来的降本路径。
    结果 结果表明:(1)面向典型700 MW的离网型海上漂浮式风电,海上综合能源岛需配置235 MW/470 MWh电化学储能系统与44 t的储氢罐来维持甲醇合成系统的稳定运行,PEM电解槽容量配置为264 MW;(2)当前,海上综合能源岛制取出的绿色甲醇成本为12.36元/kg,高于5.95元/kg市场价格;(3)所研究的海上综合能源岛年产绿色甲醇22.16万t,将支撑大型集装箱甲醇动力船舶运输80万海里,并减少年度二氧化碳排放98万t。
    结论 电-碳-氢-醇协同的海上综合能源岛在深远海风电消纳、满足航运业绿色甲醇燃料需求与助力碳减排方面效果显著,未来随着PEM电解槽、漂浮式风电以及直接空气碳捕集技术的迭代更新,其绿色甲醇成本将在2035年实现平价。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective As nearshore wind resources approach saturation, the development of deep-sea wind power is facing a critical opportunity of scalable growth. Concurrently, the urgent need for low-carbon transformation in international shipping has driven a substantial increase in de-mand for green methanol fuel. In response, this paper proposes the concept of integrated energy islands with electrici-ty-carbon-hydrogen-methanol synergy.
    Method First, this paper delineated the form of the integrated energy islands with electricity-carbon-hydrogen-methanol synergy and identified key technologies in the form. Second, a capacity planning model of the integrated energy islands with electrici-ty-carbon-hydrogen-methanol synergy was developed to optimize unit configurations, aiming to minimize the levelized unit cost of methanol production. Finally, sensitivity analyses on wind speed, carbon price, and oxygen price were conducted, alongside cost pres-sure testing, to clarify future cost reduction pathways.
    Result The results show that: (1) For a typical 700 MW off-grid floating offshore wind farm, the integrated energy island requires a 235 MW/470 MWh electrochemical energy storage, 44 tons of hydrogen storage tanks, and a 264 MW PEM electrolysis to stabilize opera-tion of methanol synthesis system; (2) The current green methanol production cost is 12.36 CNY/kg, exceeding the market price of 5.95 CNY/kg; (3) The integrated energy island achieves an annual green methanol production of 221.6 kilotons, sufficient to power large methanol-fueled container ships for 800000 nautical miles while reducing CO2 emissions by 980 kilotons annually.
    Conclusion Integrated energy islands with electricity-carbon-hydrogen-methanol synergy demonstrate significant effect in consuming deep-sea wind power, meeting maritime green methanol demand, and assisting in carbon emission reduction. With anticipated technological advance-ments in PEM electrolysis cell, floating wind turbines, and direct air carbon capture, green methanol production is projected to achieve cost parity by 2035.

     

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