结合福岛核事故探讨IAEA核电厂设计安全要求
Study on the Safety Requirements of Nuclear Power Plants Design Based on Fukushima Nuclear Accident Feedback
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摘要:
日本福岛核事故后，为确保核电安全发展，我国提出按全球最高安全要求新建核电项目。国际原子能机构2012年最新出版的核安全要求SSR-2/1《核电厂安全：设计》(Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design)是国际权威的、先进的核电厂设计安全要求文件。研究SSR-2/1可用于指导我国核电厂的安全设计，提升其安全水平。介绍了SSR-2/1的升版过程，具体分析SSR-2/1与其上一版本NS-R-1(2000年)在格式和内容方面的变化。对设计安全要求提高的部分，从设计安全性、寿期内电厂设计完整性、基本安全功能增加乏池排热功能、设计扩展工况与严重事故、场外服务最大延长时间以及场址上的若干机组同时发生事故等六个方面，结合福岛核事故后的经验教训进行重点分析和评价。 Abstract:After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the new-built nuclear power plants should be designed and constructed in accordance with the advanced international nuclear safety requirements. SSR-2/1(Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Design), which was published in 2012 by the International Atomic Energy Agency, is an advanced safety standard on nuclear power plant design. Firstly the revision of SSR-2/1 is introduced. Then the changes in format and content between SSR-2/1 and its former version NS-R-1, published in 2000, are analyzed. The enhanced requirements are specially specified in six factors, such as the safety in design, maintaining the integrity of design of the plant throughout the lifetime of the plant, heat removal from the fuel store added to fundamental safety functions, design extension conditions and severe accidents, the maximum delay time when off-site services available and sharing of safety systems between multiple units? of a nuclear power plant, and these factors are evaluated based on Fukushima nuclear accident feedback.
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