港珠澳大桥沉管隧道技术难点和创新
The Technical Difficulties and Innovations of Immersed Tunnel in Hongkong Zhuhai Macao Bridge Project
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摘要:
港珠澳大桥连接香港、澳门和珠海，全长55 km，是桥、岛、隧集群工程，桥梁和隧道的转换通过两个海中人工岛来实现。约6.7 km长的沉管隧道是世界上目前已建和在建工程中最长的混凝土公路沉管隧道，也是主体工程的控制性工程，为了将来30万t油轮满载通航，隧道最大埋深达到海底45 m；如果考虑本工程相对差的地质条件、隧道断面大跨度、恶劣的海上施工条件、人工岛与隧道的复杂过渡段等，港珠澳大桥沉管隧道可以被看作世界上最具挑战性的隧道工程之一。从岛隧工程咨询单位的角度，介绍了港珠澳大桥的基本情况，详细分析了沉管隧道的主要技术难点，包括：隧道结构设计、隧道基础设计、隧道管节的制造、隧道管节的浮运沉放、最终接头、耐久性等，最后将介绍作者对港珠澳大桥沉管隧道创新点的看法。文章发表之时，适逢海底沉管隧道施工贯通之际，也意味着港珠澳大桥全线贯通，作为参与方特以此文表示祝贺。 Abstract:The Hongkong Zhuhai Macao Bridge (HZMB) Project, 55 km long, links Hongkong, Macao and the Mainland China Zhuhai city. It is a combination engineering of bridges, islands and tunnel in which the two offshore artificial islands are used as transition between bridges and tunnel. With a length of approximately 6.7 km, the immersed tunnel becomes the world′s longest highway concrete immersed tunnel. It is the controlling work of the whole link. To accommodate the passing of 3 million tons vessels, the maximum tunnel depth is 45 m below sea level, being one of the deepest in the world. When also taking into account the varying and relative poor soil conditions, the large tunnel spans, the offshore conditions for construction and the complex connection of two artificial islands which are reclaimed in poor soil conditions, the HZMB Link can be considered as one of the most challenging projects worldwide. From project consultant point of view, the paper introduces the general information of HZMB project but with details on the technical difficulties of the immersed tunnel, which includes: Tunnel structural design, tunnel foundation design, tunnel element production, transport and immersion, closure joint, durability, etc. Finally, the opinion on the main innovations of the immersed tunnel will be introduced. It will be right the time of "through-going" of whole tunnel construction when the paper is to be published, which also means the "through-going" of the whole link construction. As one of the involved companies, this paper expresses also our congratulation to this great milestone of the project.
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