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摘要:目的 风能作为公认的最成熟的可再生能源技术之一，近年来发展迅速。中国在近年开发了大量的海上风电项目。但风电场对环境，尤其是对鸟类的影响引发了人们大量的担忧和研究。在碳达峰实现之前，我国的海上风能产业将持续增长，需要全面了解风电场对鸟类的影响。方法 通过总结现有研究，对海上风电场引起的鸟类问题进行了综述，并讨论了可将对鸟类不利环境影响降至最低的预防和缓解措施。结果 研究表明：危害鸟类生存的风电问题主要有风力涡轮机叶片撞击和风机运行噪音两方面的原因，尚无明确的证据表明鸟类会受到电磁场的影响。风电场的运行可能造成鸟类栖息地的变迁、繁殖和交流的受阻以及种群结构的改变等。人们可以通过风电场选址、风电场形态及风机叶片和桩机结构设计、遥感与视频监控等方式减少风电场对鸟类的不利影响。结论 对风电场鸟类开展更加深入的研究，将有利于我们掌握海上风电场开发建设及运营相关的鸟类生态学基本规律，形成降低生态环境负面影响的科学决策。Abstract:Introduction Wind energy， widely recognized as one of the most mature renewable energy technologies， has developed rapidly in recent years. Over the past years， China has developed a large number of offshore wind power projects. However， the impact of wind farms on the environment， especially on birds， has caused a lot of concern and research. Before reaching the CO2 emission peak， the offshore wind energy industry will continue to grow in China. Therefore， it is necessary to fully understand the impact of wind farms on birds.Method Based on the summary of the existing research， this paper reviewed problems concerning birds caused by offshore wind farms， and discussed the prevention and mitigation measures that can minimize the adverse environmental impacts on birds.Result The results showed that wind farms have harmed the survival of birds mainly by wind turbine blade striking and wind turbine operation noises. There is no clear evidence so far that birds are affected by electromagnetic fields. The operation of wind farms may cause changes of birds' habitats， hindering of birds' reproduction and communication， and changes in population structure. People can reduce the adverse effects of wind farms on birds by means of wind farm site selection， wind farm reshape， wind turbine blade and pile crane structure design， remote sensing and video surveillance， etc.Conclusion By conducting profounder research on birds in wind farms， it is beneficial for us to master basic laws of bird ecology relevant to the development， construction and operation of offshore wind farms and make scientific strategies that can reduce adverse effects on ecological environment.
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Keywords:
- environmental impacts /
- offshore wind farms /
- birds /
- renewable energy /
- ecological effects
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