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2017年1月,国家能源局印发的《能源技术创新十三五规划》中指出:“十三五期间重点研究8 MW~10 MW等级及以上的超大型海上风电机组关键技术。降低海上风电场的度电成本,实现5 MW~6 MW等级大型海上风电机组安装规范化和机组运维智能化”。作为国家战略性新兴产业的重要内容,海上风电已成为风电产业发展的技术制高点,并逐渐成为世界风电产业发展的主要方向。
要大规模开发和有效利用风能,风机必须大型化。然而,海上风机大型化的发展趋势使得风机载荷呈阶梯式增长,导致海上风机桩基的设计长度不断增加。此外,随着海上风电技术的进步以及近海区域开发趋于饱和,海上风电厂址已从近海走向远海,不仅导致海上风电桩基设计长度增加,随之而来的桩基嵌岩亦成为桩基设计的关键问题。嵌岩桩在桥梁、港口码头中的应用已相当普遍,但海上风电机组安装设备、安装方法以及支撑结构在全世界范围内刚刚起步,嵌岩桩基础的应用研究亦鲜有涉及,因此,探究海上风机基础的嵌岩以及最优方案的比选具有重要的工程价值和理论意义。
桩基嵌岩主要包含两类,即单桩基础嵌岩和多桩基础嵌岩。单桩基础是海上风电机组最常见的支撑结构,文献[1,2,3,4]针对海上风电单桩基础进行了动力响应分析、常重力模型试验以及受船舶撞击模拟,在此基础上,文献[5,6]探讨了套筒壁厚、土层水平向参数、桩体厚度和桩径等参数对单桩基础的影响,为海上风电机组单桩的设计比选提供重要依据。
对于多桩基础,以导管架基础和高桩承台基础较为常见。文献[7,8]针对广东省第一个海上示范风场进行了海上风电机组导管架基础设计方案比选,文献[9]基于实际工程的地质参数及荷载,对四导管架和五导管架基础受力进行了对比分析,此外,文献[10]对风电机组导管架基础进行了模态分析,为海上风机风浪流耦合设计提供重要参考。针对高桩承台的研究,文献[11,12]以高桩承台基础钢管桩嵌固长度为目标进行了参数敏感性分析,提炼出土层、桩数、桩径、桩距比和桩斜率等参数对嵌固长度的影响规律,进一步地,文献[13,14]考虑了深水高桩承台基础-水体耦合动力问题,探讨了波浪荷载下近海风电高桩承台基础的受力性能。然而,已有研究文献中均针对某一类型基础进行了受力分析或选型探讨,鲜有综合考虑海上风机所处地质类型和经济性等指标进行风机基础比选的研究,亦未形成一整套成熟完备的比选依据和方案。
鉴于此,本文首先介绍了海上风机基础嵌岩的施工工艺;在此基础上,本文详细讨论了嵌岩区域海上风机基础的比选依据并确定比选原则;最后,对海上风电嵌岩问题未来的发展进行展望。
Principles and Basis of Wind Turbine Foundation Selection in Rock-socketed Area of Offshore Wind Power Engineering
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摘要:
[目的] 随着海上风能的开发中心从江苏扩大至广东、福建等省份,海上风机基础的嵌岩问题已逐步成为海上风能开发中的核心问题,嵌岩区的风机基础造价严重制约着海上风电场的成本,因此海上风电嵌岩区的风机基础比选就显得尤为关键。 [方法] 讨论了几种风机基础的嵌岩施工工艺,探讨了嵌岩区海上风机基础的比选依据及原则,并对海上风电嵌岩问题的发展进行展望。 [结果] 研究表明:海上风电场嵌岩区域风机基础方案的比选原则应主要从结构安全性、施工可行性和经济性三个方面进行综合比选。在上述三个比选因素中,应首先满足结构安全性上的要求,在此基础上再满足施工可行性的要求,最后考虑经济性的影响。 [结论] 研究成果可为嵌岩区海上风电风机基础设计提供参考。 Abstract:[Introduction] With the expansion of offshore wind energy development center from Jiangsu to Guangdong, Fujian and other provinces, the rock-socketed problem of offshore wind turbine foundation has gradually become the core issue in offshore wind energy development. The cost of wind turbine foundation in rock-socketed area severely restricts the cost of offshore wind farm, so the selection of wind turbine foundation in rock-socketed area is particularly critical. [Method] This paper first discussed the rock-socketed construction technology of several wind turbine foundations, then discussed the selection basis and principles of offshore wind turbine foundations in rock-socketed areas, and finally prospected the development of offshore wind power rock-socketed problems. [Results] The study shows that the selection principle of wind turbine foundation scheme in rock-socketed area of offshore wind farm should be comprehensively compared from three aspects: structural safety, construction feasibility and economy. Among the three factors mentioned above, the requirements of structural safety should be satisfied first, the requirements of construction feasibility should be satisfied on this basis, and the influence of economy should be considered at last. [Conclusion] The research results can provide reference for offshore wind turbine foundation design in rock socketed area. -
Key words:
- offshore wind power /
- foundation rock socketed /
- foundation selection
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