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某核电厂规划建设六台百万千瓦级压水堆核电机组,其中四台已投入商运。机组采用以海水为冷却水源的直流供水系统,四台机组满发时温排水排放总量约190 m3/s,理论上冷凝器出口海水温度比本底温度升高不超过7 ℃,温排水交换水量对局部海洋环境不可避免的将会产生一定影响。如何确保影响区域和程度不超过监管部门批准的用海范围已成为核电厂和监管部门共同关注的重大课题[1,2,3]。核电厂为履行社会责任和自身发展的需要,同时也为了满足监管部门的要求,必须对运行机组满负荷运行状态开展电厂温排水对受纳水体环境影响原型观测工作,为温排水环境影响后续评估提供技术支撑,同时为工程海域本底水温模型以及温排水数学预报模型参数选取合理性更进一步的论证、必要的改进提供验证资料。
该核电厂位于滨海、区域海况复杂,温排水影响范围较大,为了控制测量精度,需要尽可能多布设不同温变区水上同步测温校验点,传统走船测量方式能获取的有效同步测点有限,而且效率低,也很难精准取得观测成果。无人机的普及为解决这一难题提供了新的出路[4,5,6,7]。通过使用携带监测仪器的无人机,进行航空遥感海面温度场测量,可以全面、准确绘出遥感影像图及海表水温分布图。实践表明,引入无人机进行温排水监控取得了预期的效果。
Application of Drone Surveying on Heat Disposal to the Ocean from Nuclear Power Plants
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摘要:
[目的] 无人机的普及为核电厂温排水环境影响评估提供了新的解决思路。 [方法] 介绍了核电厂使用无人机对温排水进行监测涉及的监测技术、测区特征、监测时机、安全管控等方面的问题及解决方案,阐述了一种基于无人机技术的温排水监测系统,包括无人机系统平台、海域温度场数据采集流程、采用航空红外遥感对相关海域夏季大小潮温度场变化实时监测方法,依据调查时间内的温升包络和规模展布数据分析了不同潮汐状况下的热水回流情况,最后分析了实测的案例及结果。 [结果] 实践表明:无人机系统工作稳定可靠,可以实时准确地采集电厂温排水造成的温升数据。 [结论] 该方法弥补了目前人工进行监测的不足,为后续对温排水影响环境的分析提供了有力参考。 Abstract:[Introduction] The application of arial surveying on heat disposal to the ocean from nuclear power plants involves multiple issues. [Method] The article introduced the issues include surveying technics, characteristics of survey area, surveying situations, and safety control, then summarized the measure by four sections which were the drone system applied, how to gather maritime temperature data around the nuclear power plants, how to monitor the fluctuation of maritime temperature with arial spectral instruments in summer tides; analysis of heat expansion in different tide conditions based on the data gathered. Finally, the results based on the measured data were summed up in the paper. [Result] The practice shows that the procedure is approved reliable and can precisely gather information of temperature increment from power plant heat disposal in this task. [Conclusion] The arial surveying on heat disposal to the ocean from nuclear power plants has many advantages over manual surveying.It can provide powerful reference for future research in how heat disposal affect the environment. -
Key words:
- drone /
- nuclear power plant /
- heat disposal /
- arial surveying
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