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根据逻辑控制系统所采用的测量元件和执行机构的信号类型、精度及接口形式,选择合适的输入输出模块来完成现场信号的采集和处理。为保证真空系统的正常运行,实时监测离子源和注入方箱的真空值及真空变化趋势,记录放电实验送气过程和低温再生过程,在束线不同位置安装了不同类型的真空计。其测控对象主要有ZDF-5227真空计、TM290温度监视器、分子泵、罗茨泵、机械泵、气动阀、插板阀、电磁阀等,信号类型包括串口信号、开关量信号和模拟量信号,通信接口主要为串行接口。冷却水循环系统要对回路中水压力值,水流量值、进出水温度和进出水电阻率等参数进行实时监视和记录。同时实现对循环回路的各阀门、变频泵监控。同时接地信号、钛丝电源转接信号、电源指令等都是开关量输入输出。
PLC逻辑控制系统的硬件由电源模块、通信模块、CPU模块、数字输入输出模块、模拟输入输出模块组成,详细数量和类型列于表1中。
表 1 PLC硬件组成
Table 1. PLC hardware configuration
模块名称 类型 数量 PLC CPU CPU 416-3PN/DP 1 PLC CPU CPU 1214C 2 PLC电源模块 24 VDC, 10 A 1 通信模块 CP441-1 1 模拟输入 8 AI, 14 bit 2 模拟输出 8 AO, 13 bit 2 数字输入 32 DI, 24 VDC 4 数字输出 32 DO, 24 VDC 4 为提高PLC逻辑控制系统的稳定性,Profibus-DP现场总线网络采用星形连接方式,主控制器和Profibus-DP集线器相连,从集线器再连接到每一个从站,从而保证了从站之间的独立性,增加了整个PLC系统的可靠性和可扩展性。由于系统中各被控对象相对比较分散,且很多涉及高电压、大电流,因此很多控制信号都采用多模光纤传输。利用光发射模块(HFBR1414)和光接收模块(HFBR2412)研制了与PLC系统配套的光电/电光转换箱,实现了光信号与继电器节点信号的相互转换。并且利用Profibus-DP光纤模块实现了双绞电缆线到光纤的转换,也实现了PLC控制器与所有电源设备的光电隔离,特别是高压电源。
Design of Logical Control System of Neutral Beam Injection on HL-3 Tokamak Based on PLC
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摘要:
目的 中性束注入(NBI)是中国环流三号(HL-3)托卡马克装置重要的等离子体加热和电流驱动手段。NBI加热系统是涉及真空、电力电子、机械、自动控制、气体放电等多学科、多领域的复杂系统。控制系统是NBI加热系统可靠运行的基本保证,可实现对加热系统现场设备的远程控制、运行状态的实时监控和放电实验的逻辑控制。 方法 根据NBI加热束线控制需求确定PLC系统的硬件配置,组建了以西门子S7-416为主控制器,以Profibus-DP网络和工业以太网为基础,以光纤为传输介质的分布式I/O系统。采用组态软件STEP7实现硬件组态、通信连接和程序编写,利用界面软件WinCC完成集中管理、过程监控和信息归档。 结果 PLC系统能够实时监控现场设备状态,与NBI控制系统进行数据交换,指导现场设备稳定运行。此外,图形化的用户界面使得实验过程可视化,真空值、流量和温度的实时显示,为实验运行人员提供了及时的状态信息。 结论 整个PLC系统高效可靠,重复性好,具有良好的兼容性和可扩展性,实现了对NBI束线现场设备的监测和控制。 Abstract:Introduction Neutral beam injection (NBI) is an important means of plasma heating and current driving on HL-3 Tokamak. The NBI heating system involves multiple disciplines and fields such as vacuum, power electronics, mechanics, automatic control, and gas discharge. The control system is the basic guarantee for the reliable operation of the NBI heating system, enabling remote control of the field equipment of the heating system, the real-time monitoring of the running state, and the logic control of the discharge experiment. Method The hardware configuration of the PLC system was determined based on the requirement of NBI heating beamline, and the distributed I/O system was set up with Siemens S7-416 as the main controller, Profibus-DP network and industrial Ethernet as the basis, and optical fiber as the transmission medium. Configuration software STEP7 was used to realize hardware configuration, communication connection, and program writing, and interface software WinCC was used to complete centralized management, process monitoring, and information archiving. Result The PLC system can monitor the field equipment status in real time, exchange data with the NBI control system, and instruct field devices to work stably. In addition, the graphical user interface can realize the visualization of experiment processes and real-time display of vacuum value, flow rate, and temperature, providing timely state information for operators. Conclusion The whole PLC system is efficient, reliable, reproducible, well-compatible, and scalable, which can be used to monitor and control the field equipment of the NBI beamline. -
Key words:
- HL-3 tokamak /
- neutral beam injection /
- PLC /
- Profibus /
- real-time monitoring
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表 1 PLC硬件组成
Tab. 1. PLC hardware configuration
模块名称 类型 数量 PLC CPU CPU 416-3PN/DP 1 PLC CPU CPU 1214C 2 PLC电源模块 24 VDC, 10 A 1 通信模块 CP441-1 1 模拟输入 8 AI, 14 bit 2 模拟输出 8 AO, 13 bit 2 数字输入 32 DI, 24 VDC 4 数字输出 32 DO, 24 VDC 4 -
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