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核电作为高科技能源产业,我们始终把注意力集中在安全性和先进性上,作为关系国计民生的电力市场产品,经济性没有引起足够重视,在电力市场竞争中,经济性是评判任何发电技术竞争力最重要的指标,电力市场化已导致核电“一厂一价”上网电价机制退出历史舞台,我国核电建设成本过高,导致上网电价在国内电力市场上缺乏竞争力,因此核电的经济性成为制约我国核电快速、健康和可持续发展的关键因素之一。
2013年6月15日,《国家发展改革委关于完善核电上网电价机制有关问题的通知》要求,新建核电机组实行标杆上网电价政策,全国核电标杆电价高于所在地燃煤机组上网电价的,新建核电机组投产后执行当地燃煤标杆电价,标杆电价的实施对核电经济性提出更高要求,经济性已成为核电在电力市场中增强竞争力的重要指标,在当前经济放缓和供给侧改革的大背景下,将进一步倒逼漳州业主加大项目前期建设成本控制力度。
漳州项目采用“华龙一号”三代核电技术,漳州核电作为项目建设成本控制主体,在核电项目前期准备、投资决策、管理模式选择等阶段应实施严格有效的费用控制[1],同时也是项目前期建设成本精益化管理的关键所在,核电业主要在未来电力市场竞争中立于不败之地,实现企业可持续发展的战略目标,应该努力主动降低核电项目建设成本。
精益化管理就是要求企业以最小的人、财、物、时间和空间资源投入,创造出尽可能多的价值,精益化管理作为先进的管理文化和方式,已被越来越多的企业所接受,精益化管理在降低核电建设成本和提高核电的经济性、竞争力等方面发挥积极作用[2,3]。
Research on the Construction Cost Lean Management in the Preliminary Stage of Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Project
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摘要:
[目的] 在当前新建核电机组普遍实行标杆上网电价形式下,为有效解决我国国内核电项目建设成本过高及核电经济性重视不足的问题,结合国内核电上网电价普遍在电力市场上缺乏竞争力的实际,为降低漳州核电项目建设成本及进一步提高漳州核电上网电价竞争力。 [方法] 对国内核电项目建设成本进行综合分析,提出漳州核电项目前期阶段建设成本实施精益化管理的方法,结合漳州核电项目实际分析了漳州核电项目从前期准备、投资决策、管理模式选择等阶段实行成本精益化管理的具体方法和措施;一是通过项目前期征地征海模式和““两阶段”采购模式的创新实践,二是优选和优化现行核电项目建设管理模式,三是前期开发百万千瓦级核电技经模型用于对标且明确前期费用控制原则及标准,四是研究并实施“核蓄一体化联营“确保核电上网电价竞争力,五是建立有效的核电项目成本控制机制和全员成本控制文化。 [结果] 上述精益化管理方法及措施,为漳州核电项目前期直接节约了大量的投资,可缩短漳州核电项目建设工期,降低核电项目建设成本,进一步提高漳州核电上网电价的竞争力。 [结论] 漳州核电项目前期建设成本精益化管理是十分有效的,不但能提高漳州核电后续上网电价竞争能力,并且在有效降低核电建设成本及提高核电经济性方面提供了漳州模式和经验供核电行业借鉴参考。 Abstract:[Introduction] Under the current practice of benchmarking on-grid electricity price for newly-built new nuclear power units, in order to effectively address the problems of excessively high construction cost of domestic nuclear power projects and insufficient attention to the economy of nuclear power, combining the reality of general uncompetitive domestic nuclear power on-grid electricity price in the electricity market, in order to reduce the construction cost of the Zhangzhou nuclear power project and further increase the competitiveness of the on-grid electricity price for Zhangzhou nuclear power project. [Methods] The comprehensive analysis of the construction cost for domestic nuclear power projects was made, the construction cost lean management in the preliminary stage of Zhangzhou nuclear power project was put forward. Combining the actual situation of Zhangzhou nuclear power project, the analysis of specific methods and measures for implementing cost lean management was made, in the stages of the preliminary preparation, investment decision-making, management mode selection and so on. Firstly, the land and sea acquisition mode in the preliminary stage and the innovative practice of "two-phase" procurement mode. Secondly, the optimization of current nuclear power project construction management mode was adopted. Thirdly, the development of 1 000 MW-level nuclear power technology and economy model used for benchmarking and defining the principles and standards for cost control in the preliminary stage were discussed.Fourthly, the research and implementation of "integration of nuclear power and pumped-water storage" to ensure the competitiveness of on-grid price of nuclear power were discussed. Fifthly, the establishment of effective cost control mechanism for nuclear power projects and staff cost control culture were discussed. [Results] The above lean management methods and measures can directly save a large amount of investment for the Zhangzhou nuclear power project in the preliminary stage, shorten the construction period of the Zhangzhou nuclear power project, reduce the construction cost of the nuclear power project, and further increase the competiveness of the on-grid electricity price for the Zhangzhou nuclear power project. [Conclusion] The construction cost lean management in preliminary stage of Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Project is very effective, not only can improve subsequent competitiveness of on-grid electricity for Zhangzhou nuclear power project, but also reduce nuclear power construction cost and improve the economy of nuclear power .And the Zhangzhou nuclear power mode and experience can provide reference for the nuclear power industry. -
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