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无人机在输电线路巡检中发挥着越来越重要的作用,采用无人机进行线路巡检已经成为一种常态化作业趋势[1]。通常在电力巡线时,无人机需要携带高清晰数码相机、摄像机、红外热像仪、紫外成像仪等价格高昂的仪器[2],稍有不慎,会造成的损失很大,对操作人员技能熟练度有较高要求。传统的基于虚拟现实的无人机仿真训练系统没有虚拟的输电线路、杆塔、吊舱、检测设备和无线通讯设备,无法利用操作导则、安全规范对输电线路和杆塔进行飞行试验和训练,教练人员难以对操控人员训练水平进行量化评估。
当前电力仿真培训系统大多数用于变电站运维仿真培训[3]、电网调控仿真培训[4];主要适用于研究大电力系统复杂的暂态和动态过程的电力系统离线仿真;主要适用于详细研究大电力系统有限规模主干网络和局部系统的暂态和动态过程、以及物理装置试验研究的实时数字仿真。近年来随着电网智能运检的号召,无人机巡线的规模不断增长[5],对电网巡检人员的无人机巡线操控技能要求越来越高,因此开展本次无人机电网巡检培训考试系统的研究。
目前常用无人机操控模拟器是凤凰模拟器、Realflight模拟器,其都不包含电网实地场景,并都无针对电网巡检业务的操作培训仿真,更无自然状况模拟(如全角度风力等)及智能打分考评功能。本系统首次针对上述问题,展开无人机机巡业务操控仿真研究,内置巡检作业标准,实现了典型塔型、典型场景、典型业务仿真和培训考试,包括常规巡检、故障巡检、山火灾情巡检、树障巡检、精细化巡检等。
Research and Realization of UAV Power Grid Inspection Training and Evaluation Simulation System
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摘要:
[目的] 随着无人机大量应用于电网运检工作,操作人员进行飞行培训成为作业前置条件但实机训练成本高,风险大,而研发无人机电网巡检仿真培训考评系统,可减少实机训练失误,降低坠机和设备损毁风险,规范培训操作、利于培养技术成熟的电网运检人员。 [方法] 从无人机电网巡检实际需求出发,建立基于大视景仿真技术建立虚拟地理场景和输电线路运行场景,内置无人机电力巡线必须遵循的技术导则和安全规范,研究与实现巡检培训考试系统,对参与训练的学员训练效果进行统计分析和量化评估。 [结果] 研究表明:此研究成果使机巡人员培训不受天气与成本等因素限制,可部分代替真实的机巡训练,加快人才培养速度,适应电网发展需要。 [结论] 研制的电网巡检培训考试系统将运维巡检人员的无人机操控执行品质提升到新的水平,具有一定的借鉴意义,值得推广应用。 Abstract:[Introduction] Since currently unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been widely used in power grid inspections, research and development of the UAV power grid inspection training and evaluation system is to reduce real machine drill errors, reduce the risk of crashes and equipment damage, and train grid inspection personnel with standardized operation and mature techniques. [Method] To meet the actual requirements of the UAV grid inspection, this paper established the virtual geographic information scene and the transmission line operation scene , based on the large visual simulation technology. At the same time, the system was built-in technical guidelines and safety specifications that must be followed by the UAV power line. It could statistically analyze and quantify the training effect of the participants. [Result] The research shows that the machine patrol personnel can participate in the training at any time and at low cost, which can partially replace the real patrol drill training, speed up the training of technical personnel, and adapt to the development needs of the power grid. [Conclusion] The developed UAV Power Grid Inspection Training and Evaluation Simulation System will improve the operation and maintenance inspection personnel′s operational quality of the drones to new level, which has certain reference significance and is worthy of application and deployment. -
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