Review of Carbon Dioxide Capture Technology

  Objective  In view of the urgency of global greenhouse gas emission reduction, comprehensive research on CO₂ capture technologies, widely applied in coal-fired power generation, steel, cement, oil refining, and chemical industries, has been conducted. This research aims to provide technical support for effectively controlling CO₂ emissions and promoting low-carbon development.

  Method  This paper introduced the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and application status of four CO₂ capture technologies: absorption, membrane separation, cryogenic separation, and adsorption. It also summarized the principles, advantages, disadvantages, and research progress of temperature swing adsorption, pressure swing adsorption, and pressure-temperature swing adsorption.

  Result  The research found that each technology and method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The absorption and adsorption methods are considered to be more economical. However, the widely used chemical absorption method is prone to problems such as equipment corrosion, solvent loss, and high energy consumption. In contrast, the adsorption method utilizes adsorbents to capture CO₂, which does not cause equipment corrosion, and the adsorption and regeneration processes are easy to operate. Among the adsorption methods, desorption by temperature swing adsorption is complete, but it has large energy consumption. Pressure swing adsorption has low energy consumption but relatively limited adsorption capacity. While pressure-temperature swing adsorption shows potential in balancing energy consumption and adsorption effectiveness.

  Conclusion  In the chemical industry, CO₂ capture via small modular equipment can satisfy the small-scale CO₂ capture demands of particular experiments. This approach is characterized by low investment costs and easy installation. However, future research should focus on the development of new capture technologies that are highly efficient and energy-saving, or the optimized integration of current technologies. Such efforts aim to reduce costs, boost capture efficiency, thereby making a positive contribution to global greenhouse gas emission reduction and sustainable development.